Bursitis

Overview

Bursitis is when your joints become painful and swollen. It can usually be treated at home and should go away in a few weeks.

Check if you have bursitis

Bursitis happens when the fluid-filled sacs (bursa) that cushion your joints become inflamed.

You might have bursitis if 1 of your joints is:

painful – usually a dull, achy pain
tender or warmer than surrounding skin
swollen
more painful when you move it or press on it

The area may also be red. This can be harder to see on darker skin.

Bursitis can affect any joint, but is most common in the shoulders, hips, elbows or knees.

How to treat bursitis yourself

To help bring down swelling and pain you can:

Rest – try not to move the joint too much, and avoid activities that'll put pressure on it.
Use Ice – gently hold an ice pack (or a bag of frozen peas) wrapped in a tea towel on the area for around 10 minutes at a time and repeat every few hours during the day.
Take painkillers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, to ease any pain.

It may also help to put extra cushions around the affected joint while you sleep to help protect and support it.

See a GP if:

your symptoms have not improved or are getting worse after treating it yourself for 1 to weeks
you have a very high temperature, or you feel hot and shivery
you cannot move the affected joint
you have very severe, sharp or shooting pains in the joint

What happens at your GP appointment

They may take a sample of fluid from the affected joint using a needle (aspiration). This will be sent off to test for infections and conditions, such as gout.

The apiration might also help your symptoms. It might be done in your GP surgery or you may be referred to the hospital.

If your symptoms do not get better after treatment, you may be referred for further tests, such as:

Treatments for bursitis

antibiotics – usually taken for 7 days if bursitis is caused by an infection
a steroid injection may be given into the affected joint to reduce the swelling – this will not be done if bursitis is caused by an infection
if bursitis is severe or keeps coming back, the inflamed bursa may need to be surgically drained or even removed (but this is rare)

How to stop bursitis coming back

Do:

maintain a healthy weight - being overweight puts more pressure on your joints
clean any cuts on elbows and knees to prevent infections
warm up properly before exercising and playing sport
use padding when putting a lot of pressure on joints - for example, when kneeling
take regular breaks if you do things that put pressure on a joint, like kneeling

Don't

do not knock or bang your joints

The information on this page has been adapted by NHS Wales from original content supplied by

NHS website nhs.uk