Nosebleeds are not usually a sign of anything serious. They're common, particularly in children, and most can be easily treated at home.

See a GP if:

• a child under 2 years old has a nosebleed
• you have regular nosebleeds
• you have symptoms of anaemia – such as a faster heartbeat (palpitations), shortness of breath and pale skin
• you're taking a blood-thinning medicine, such as warfarin
• you have a condition that means your blood can't clot properly, such as haemophilia

Your GP might want to test you for haemophilia or for other conditions such as anaemia.

Go to A&E if:

• your nosebleed lasts longer than 10 to 15 minutes
• the bleeding seems excessive
• you're swallowing a large amount of blood that makes you vomit
• the bleeding started after a blow to your head
• you're feeling weak or dizzy
• you're having difficulty breathing

Causes of a nosebleed

The inside of the nose is delicate and nosebleeds happen when it's damaged. This can be caused by:

• picking your nose
• blowing your nose too hard
• the inside of your nose being too dry (because of a change in air temperature)

Nosebleeds that need medical attention can come from deeper inside the nose and usually affect adults. They can be caused by:

• an injury or broken nose
• high blood pressure
• conditions that affect the blood vessels or how the blood clots
• certain medicines, like warfarin

Sometimes the cause of a nosebleed is unknown.

Certain people are more prone to getting nosebleeds, including:

• children (they usually grow out of them by 11)
• elderly people
• pregnant women

How to stop a nosebleed yourself

If you have a nosebleed you should:

• sit down and lean forward, with your head tilted forward
• pinch your nose just above your nostrils for 10 to 15 minutes
• breathe through your mouth

Holding an icepack (or frozen peas wrapped in a tea towel) on the top of your nose may help reduce the blood flow. But the evidence to show it works is not very strong.

Hospital treatment for nosebleeds

If doctors can see where the blood is coming from they may seal it by pressing a stick with a chemical on it to stop the bleeding.

If this is not possible, doctors might pack your nose with sponges to stop the bleeding. You may need to stay in hospital for a day or two.

When a nosebleed stops

After a nosebleed, for 24 hours try not to:

• blow your nose
• pick your nose
• drink hot drinks or alcohol
• do any heavy lifting or strenuous exercise
• pick any scabs