A chest infection is an infection of the lungs or large airways. Some chest infections are mild and clear up on their own, but others can be severe and life threatening.

Check if you have a chest infection

Chest infections often follow colds or flu.

The main symptoms are:

• a chesty cough – you may cough up green or yellow mucus
• wheezing and shortness of breath
• chest pain or discomfort
• a high temperature
• a headache
• aching muscles
• tiredness

These symptoms can be unpleasant, but they usually get better on their own in about 7 to 10 days.

The cough and mucus can last up to 3 weeks.

Things you can do yourself

If you have a chest infection:

Do:

• get plenty of rest
• drink lots of water to loosen the mucus and make it easier to cough up
• raise your head up while sleeping using extra pillows to make breathing easier and clear your chest of mucus
• use painkillers to bring down a fever and ease headaches and muscle pain
• drink a hot lemon and honey drink to relieve a sore throat
• try to stay at home and avoid contact with other people if you have a high temperature or do not feel well enough to do your normal activities

Don't:

• do not let children breathe in steam from a bowl of hot water because of the risk of scalding
• do not give aspirin to children under 16
• do not take cough medicines – there's little evidence to show they help
• do not smoke – it can make your symptoms worse

How to make a hot lemon and honey drink

1. Squeeze half a lemon into a mug of boiled water
2. Add 1 to 2 teaspoons of honey
3. Drink while still warm

Do not give hot drinks to small children.

You can ask a pharmacist about:

• decongestants to loosen the mucus in your lungs - this will make it easier to cough up and help clear the infection from your lungs

Find a pharmacy here.

See a GP if you have a chest infection and:

• you feel very unwell or your symptoms get worse
• you cough up blood or blood-stained mucus
• you have had a cough for more than 3 weeks
• you're pregnant
• you're over 65
• your immune system is weak – for example, you have a condition like diabetes or you're having chemotherapy
• you have a long-term health condition, such as a heart, lung or kidney condition

You may have pneumonia if your symptoms are severe.

Treatment from a GP

Treatment will depend on what caused your chest infection.

It will either be caused by:

• a virus (like viral bronchitis) - this usually clears up by itself after a few weeks and antibiotics will not help
• bacteria (like pneumonia) - a GP may prescribe antibiotics (make sure you complete the whole course as advised by the GP, even if you start to feel better)

Antibiotics are only used to treat bacterial chest infections. They're not used for treating viral chest infections, such as flu or viral bronchitis.  This is because antibiotics do not work for viral infections.

A sample of your mucus may need to be tested to see what's causing your chest infection.

How to avoid spreading chest infections:

To avoid passing a chest infection to others:

• cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze
• wash your hands regularly
• throw away used tissues immediately

How to avoid getting a chest infection

If you keep getting chest infections or you're at a high risk of getting one (for example, because you're over the age of 65 or have a serious long-term health condition), you should:

• ask a GP about the annual flu vaccination - find out if you're eligible for the free flu vaccine
• ask if you should have the pneumococcal vaccine – this helps prevent pneumonia
• stop smoking if you smoke
• cut down on how much alcohol you drink