Head injury and concussion

Overview

Most head injuries are not serious, but you should get medical help if you or your child have any symptoms after a head injury.You might have concussion (temporary brain injury) that can last a few weeks.

Go to A&E if you or your child have had a head injury and have:

been knocked out but have now woken up
been vomiting (been sick) since the injury
a headache that does not go away with painkillers
a change in behaviour, like being more irritable or losing interest in things around you (especially in children under 5)
been crying more than usual ( especially in babies and young children)
problems with memory
been drinking alcohol or taking drugs just before the injury
a blood clotting disorder (like haemophilia) or you take medicine to thin your blood
had brain surgery in the past

You or your child could have concussion.

Symptoms usually start within 24 hours, but sometimes may not appear for up to 3 weeks.

Find your nearest A&E

Call 999 if someone has hit their head and has:

been knocked out and has not woken up
difficulty staying awake or keeping their eyes open
a fit (seizure)
fallen from a height more than 1 metre or 5 stairs
problems with their vision or hearing
clear fluid coming from their ears or nose
bleeding from their ears or bruising behind their ears
numbness or weakness in part of their body
problems with walking, balance, understanding, speaking or writing
hit their head at speed, such as in a car crash, being hit by a car or bike or a driving accident
a head wound with something inside it or a dent to the head

Also call 999 if you cannot get someone to A&E safely.

How to care for a minor head injury

If you have been sent home from hospital with a minor head injury, or you do not need to go to hospital, you can usually look after yourself or your child at home.

You might have symptoms such as a slight headache, or feeling sick or dazed, for up to 2 weeks.

hold an ice pack (or a bag of frozen peas in a tea towel) to the area regularly for short periods in the first few days to bring down any swelling
rest and avoid stress – you or your child do not need to stay awake if you're tired
take paracetamol or ibuprofen to relieve pain or a headache
make sure an adult stays with you or your child for at least the first 24 hours

Don't

do not go back to work or school until you're feeling better
do not drive until you feel you have fully recovered
do not play contact sports for at least 3 weeks – children should avoid rough play for a few days
do not take drugs or drink alcohol until you're feeling better
do not take sleeping pills while you're recovering unless a doctor advises you to

See a GP if:

your or your child's symptoms last more than 2 weeks
you're not sure if it's safe for you to drive or return to work, school or sports

The information on this page has been adapted by NHS Wales from original content supplied by

NHS website nhs.uk